Battery usage tips

1. A new battery usually comes in a discharged condition and with a very low capacity. It is generally recommended to fully charge new battery packs before use. Refer to the users?guide of your electronic device for charging instructions.

2. A new battery pack needs to be circled (fully discharged and recharged) three to five times to reach its optimum performance.

3. Rechargeable battery will undergo self-discharging when left unused for a long period of time. Thus, it should always be stored in a fully charged state and kept in a cool, dry and clean place.

4. To maintain the optimum performance of a battery pack, it is highly recommended to circle (fully discharging and recharging) it at least once a month.

5. It is normal if a new battery gets warm when being charged or used. However, close attention should be paid if the battery pack becomes excessively hot. This may indicate there is a problem with the charging circuit of the electronic device. So, it is necessary to have it checked by a qualified technician.

6. New batteries are hard to be charged. Sometimes, your electronic device may indicate a fully charged condition about 10 to 15 minutes when the new battery pack is being charged for the first time. When this happens, remove the battery pack and let it cool down for about 10 to 15 minutes then repeat the charging procedure. Sometimes, a new battery will suddenly refuse to be charged. If this happens, it is then suggested to remove the battery from the device and reinsert it.

To better use your battery, please take care of the precautions listed below:
1. Do not modify or disassemble.
2. Do not incinerate or expose battery to excessive heat, which may result in an exposure.
3. Do not expose battery to water or other moist matters.
4. Do not pierce, hit, step on, crush or abuse the battery.
5. Do not place battery in device for a long period of time if device is not being used.
6. Do not short circuit the terminals or store your battery pack with metal objects such as necklaces or hairpins.

Frequently Asked Questions:

Basic knowledge about battery.

The quantity of electricity that can be obtained from a battery in one cycle from full charge to full discharge when the battery is discharged under conditions of rated current level and ambient temperature within the predetermined range.Generally, capacity is expressed in units of mAh (milliampere-hour).

a. What is Nominal Capacity?
The standard capacity designated by a battery manufacturer to identify a particular cell model.

b. What is Nominal Voltage?
The standard voltage used to express the capacity of a particular battery model. It is generally equal to its electromotive force or its approximate voltage during normal operation. Typical Values:
o 1.2 volts per cell for NiCd and NiMH
o 3.6 or 3.7 volts per cell for Lithium Ion or Lithium Polymer
o 3 volts per cell for lithium primary
o 2 volts per cell for sealed lead acid
o 1.5 volts per cell for alkaline and carbon zinc .

c. What is discharge rate?
The discharge rate is the rate at which current is removed from a battery.
When a battery is discharged at a current level "i", for a period until the end discharge voltage is "h", the discharge is referred to as the h-hour rate discharge, while "i" is known as the h-hour rate discharge current. For practical use, nominal capacity is used as standard.

d. What is End-Voltage ?
The voltage that indicates the end limit of discharge. This voltage is almost equivalent to limitation of practical use. Typical values:
o 1.0 volt per cell for NiCd and NiMH
o 1.75 volts per cell for sealed lead acid
o 2.75 volts per cell for lithium ion and lithium polymer
o 2.0 volts per cell for primary lithium
o 0.9 volts per cell for alkaline and carbon zinc

e. What is Open circuit voltage ?
The voltage between terminals of a battery without any load.
What is Operating voltage ?
The voltage between terminals when a battery is subjected to a load. Usually
expressed by the voltage of the battery at 50% discharge point.

f. What is Polarity Reversal ?
Reversing of polarity of the terminals of a small-capacity cell in a multi- cell battery due to overdischarge.

g. What is Positive Electrode ?
The electrode which has a positive potential. Electric current from this electrode flows in the external circuit during discharge.

h. What is Negative Electrode ?
The plate which has an electrical potential lower than that of the other plate during normal cell operation. Electric current from the external circuit flows into the cell at the negative electrode during discharge. Also called minus electrode.

i. What is Self-Discharge ?
A decrease in battery capacity which occurs without any current flow to an external circuit. Typical values:
0 ~ 1% per day for NiCd
0 ~ 2% per day for NiMH
0 ~ 0% per day for Lithium Ion and Lithium Polymer .

j. What is Short Circuit ?
Directly connecting the positive electrode (terminal) to the negative electrode (terminal) of the battery.

k. What is Thermistor ?
A circuit element with a negative temperature coefficient. It is built into batteries and used to detect ambient temperature or battery temperature. A battery charger may use this device to properly charge a battery.

l. Resistance of the battery ?
One battery that does not perform well at a 1C discharge rate is the portable sealed lead-acid. To obtain a reasonably good capacity reading, manufacturers commonly rate these batteries at 0.05C or 20 hour discharge. Even at this slow discharge rate, a 100% capacity is hard to attain. To compensate for different readings at various discharge currents, manufacturers offer a capacity offset. Applying the offset to correct the capacity readout does not improve battery performance; it merely adjusts the capacity calculation if discharged at a higher or lower C-rate than specified. Lithium-ion/polymer batteries are electronically protected against high load currents. Depending on battery type, the discharge is limited to between 1C and 2C. This protection makes the lithium ion unsuitable for biomedical equipment and power tools demanding high inrush currents.

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